20 Hindsight

20/20 Hindsight Introduction In the daily running in life, people engage in many premeditated and involuntary activities. Most of the impromptu ones that come up require rush and closest to accurate decision making. It is from these that individuals make most mistakes at the end of the day. It may be considered a better way of expressing regret, or just instilling the consolation required to move on, but many call out on 20/20 hindsight bias as a would-be solution to show their best at certain situations considered unsatisfying.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on 20/20 Hindsight specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These situations may be either failures or activities that resulted to unexpected results. The space shuttle Challenger has had space exploration enthusiasts, patriots and ethics specialties among others, succumb to the hindsight bias by speculating all the other positive possibilities were they in the same position as the deci sion making panel on that fateful day. The Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster Back in 1986, the anticipated launch of The Challenger happened with all the unexpected results. After several rescheduling, the final day of reckoning was set and fixed. The 28th of January 1986 saw the perishing of seven astronauts in a mission viewed live by millions all over the world. 73 seconds into the flight, the shuttle experienced glitches that led to it disintegration in a scenery that many thought to be an explosion. The high-density cameras noticed the first malfunction when they recorded dark smoke coming from the right solid rocket booster. This was about 67 seconds from take off. The next six seconds sealed the fate of the shuttle and its crew. The smoke, upon analysis, was the initial sign that there was not a complete sealing of the relevant joints (Dunbar 2007). Burning of grease, rubber and the O Rings were therefore the cause of this smoke. The O-rings are responsible for preventing hea ted gases from escaping outwards. The Hindsight Bias A closer look back into the events leading to the actual launch would have been enough to change the schedule of the lift-off. I believe that everyone is a specialist in his/her own field. The event was already flocking with aeronautical specialists in form of engineers and weather specialists who, until the actual launch, were still noticing defective conditions. These conditions were unfavorable and I would have respected their observation. Political Crime This was the first problem that encountered the system that was leading the whole project. It is sad to come to a final realization that NASA opted for the faulty design knowingly just to tend to the requirements of some greedy politicians driven by their hunger for power (Oberg 2006). The role of the politicians, according to my view, should be to create the environment required for such projects to take place. The best way of doing this is through enabling of the funds draft ed in the forwarded budget and transferring the monitoring responsibilities to watchdogs and commissions that consist of a panel of specialists in the relevant fields. Since they understand better the procedures taken towards the success of such missions, they present the project progress with more efficiency. Politicians view everything only from a political point of view, which does not end well with such specialists as aeronautical researchers and engineers.Advertising Looking for report on astronomy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Impatience Pays The morning for the scheduled launch was a cold one. The temperatures had dropped to as low as 8oF (Texas AM University (TAMU) 2000). The lowest temperature required for the O Rings to remain functional was 53 oF. Noting this, the organizers should have heard the engineers’ pleas to halt and postpone the launch. The O-rings functionality was compromised at this l evel as no testing on record had proven otherwise. Workplace Ethics Regardless of the environment or nature of work, colleagues working under the same organization are expected to share information as this reduces the misunderstandings that are a result of inadequate information on certain issues. It was realized that Robert Ebeling and Roger Boisjoly, engineers with the contracted Morton-Thiokol, had already identified the problem with the O-rings all through the testing (TAMU 2000). The rings burnt off with every test flight. This led to the two engineer proposing different designs to be adopted into the final design. This new design performed better as it withstood more heat than the previous ones. Their proposal was declined by the NASA panel. Apparently, the management was trying to save on the resources dedicated to the project, and this was not to be the case in the end. The loss incurred, taking into consideration the fact that lives were lost, was way through the billions. Management ought to learn to listen to the lower level workers proposals, as they tend to lead to high-level results so to speak. Safety Precautions We do understand the fact that a stitch in time saves nine. This does not only apply in personal life experiences, but also at our workplaces. As much as management expects utter performance from the employees, â€Å"we vastly underestimate the cost of effective safety precautions† (Yudkowsky 2007). Safety precautions start here. At the Challenger, everything was tested and the defaults corrected. The fact that more were detected did not deter the scheduled launch of the Challenger. When such a risky endeavor is undertaken, I would expect that the final running would be at only optimal conditions. â€Å"Although the ice team had worked on the covering ice, there was still concern from the contractor’s engineers† (AlbertaRose 2010). Also on the same is the fact that the test flights had emergency escape pods built in but these had to be removed from the final shuttle because it filled up on space left out for other devices (Spaceflight Now Inc.).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on 20/20 Hindsight specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The fact that NASA ruled out the possibilities of occurrence of problems sometime later into the flight shows that the mission was influenced heavily by the pride of accomplishing it in the management that steered the project. Some suggest that this was a recap of the Titanic all over again. Though they demand extra costs, precautions have proven to save more than they incur to adapt. Conclusion I admit that no one is perfect, but equipped with such information, I believe I would be able to avert the Challenger and grant it the honor it requires in the history books, a victorious one. If only it was possible too, I would direct that politicians fall back to their respective positions and stay away from th e complicated proceedings until when called upon. The fact that most things proceed smoothly to their end when they do not interrupt should not be regarded as a coincidence, but a show of how to get the best from profiled projects. Reference List AlbertaRose 2010. â€Å"Historical Space Accidents: Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster†. Web. Dunbar, B 2007. NASA. STS-51L. Web. Oberg, J 2006. â€Å"7 myths about the Challenger shuttle disaster†. MSNBC. Web. Spaceflight Now Inc. 2010. â€Å"Challenger timeline†. Web. Texas AM University 2000. â€Å"The Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster†. Web.Advertising Looking for report on astronomy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Yudkowsky, E 2007. â€Å"Hindsight bias†. Web.

The eNotes Blog Baffling Banned Books A Fun (Disturbing)Quiz!

Baffling Banned Books A Fun (Disturbing)Quiz! If youve waited to celebrate the chance to be Officially Subversive during Banned Books Week, its not too late!   Sure, you probably figured that Huck Finn  is a perennial favorite for its politically incorrect language and  Fifty Shades of Grey  for its Crimes Against Ink and Trees, but I am willing to bet there are quite a few that will make you say, Ummm. What?   The alleged reasons for protecting Our Nations Youth are even more bizarre than you can imagine.   We invite you to take our quiz and see if you can guess the actual arguments that succeeded in getting the following ten books on the Naughty List. 1.   Charlottes Web  by E.B. White a)   The National Pork Council feared declining bacon sales b)   Children were trapping dangerous spiders and being bitten c)   A  Kansas school district decided that talking animals are blasphemous and unnatural d)   Girls were being encouraged to defy their fathers 2.   Brave New World  by Aldous Huxley a)   Removed from classrooms in Miller, Missouri, for ‘making promiscuous sex look like fun.’ b)   Removed from Texas libraries for encouraging revolution c)   Attempted ban in California for focusing on negativity. d) Both a and c 3.   Where the Wild Things Are  by Maurice Sendak   a)   Accused of advocating witchcraft b)   A psychologist claimed it advocated child abuse by denying the character Max his dinner c)    Sendak was accused of glorifying temper tantrums which was putting young boys in danger d)   All of the above 4.   Ã‚  A Light in the Attic  by Shel Silverstein a)   Encouraged children to break dishes b)   Children were investigating attics and being trapped c)   A group argued that putting something silly in the world was code for anarchy d)   Children were crawling into freezers, trying to find their dreams (Ill take the dream I had last night / And put it in my freezer) 5.   Alices Adventures in Wonderland  by Lewis Carroll   a) Encouraged drug use d)   Ministers and educators challenged it for its ‘ungodly’ influence and for depicting women in strong leadership roles. c)   Emergency rooms were admitting children who tried to dress up their pet rabbits, leading to injuries d) Promoted gambling, especially card playing 6.   Bridge to Terabithia  by Katherine Paterson a) Claimed Terebethia is an anagram for A Beer Tithe b) Encouraged runaways c) Teachers saw an increase in swearing after assigning the book d) Promoted secular humanism, new age religions, the occult, and Satanism 7.   The Bell Jar  by Sylvia Plath a)   Librarians tired of answering the question, What the heck is a bell jar? b)   Suppressed in 1970 for its overt rejection of the woman’s role as wife and mother. c)   Encouraged drinking d)   Depression became chic. 8.   My Friend Flicka  by Mary OHara a)   Ã‚  A female dog was referred to as a ‘bitch’ in the text. b)   Encouraged an unnatural relationship between a child and a horse. c)   One group claimed that Flicka was the name of Norse witch d)   Parents annoyed at a sharp increase in begging for a horse for Christmas 9.   To Kill a Mockingbird  by Harper Lee a)   In 1980, challenged in New York as a filthy, trashy novel. b)   People who hadnt bothered to read the book began killing mockingbirds by the thousands in Texas c)   In 1996, Lindale, Texas banned Lees novel for ‘conflict[ing] with the values of the community.’† d)   Both a and C 10.   The Rabbits Wedding  by Garth Williams a) After the Supreme Court upheld gay marriage rights, Monroe, Louisiana, immediately banned this book for being on the slippery slope which would allow animals to marry. b)   The Alabama  state library system removed the book because it was believed the book was attacking segregation policies.† c)   A group in Florida claimed that rabbits were associated with promiscuous sex and the book was trying to corrupt children. d)   Both A and C (Answers:   1. c; 2. d; 3.   d; 4. a; 5.   b; 6. d; 7.   b; 8. a; 9.   d; 10.   a) Howd you do? Wed love to hear your thoughts about these banned books and the reasons theyve been challenged by the public. Leave a comment below!   Ã‚   Featured Image via Unsplash

IRB Proposal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

IRB Proposal - Assignment Example The five survey tools include online surveys, mobile data collection surveys, face-to-face surveys, mail and telephone survey tools. A Description of The Subjects of This Study Will Include: 1.0 Sampling procedures Set rules and procedures will be established in order to have a diverse sample so that extensive and comprehensive results are achieved. The sampling procedures will include patients who have had a long history of various neurologic complications and it will also include those patients who have recently being diagnosed. Thus, this will enable the study to have a variety of subjects for a thorough understanding. The patients will be sampled from two metropolitan hospitals in order to have a diverse sample that is all inclusive of all races (Biller, 2008). 2.0 Sampling population The sample population will include all patients from all ages including the young and the old. This will enable the study to be wide and have various patients so that the sample is complete with peo ple from different age groups. It is paramount for the study to research and comprehend how induced therapeutic hypothermia impacts neurologic function and improve patients of different age groups since there has to be similarities and differences on the impact depending on the age groups (Biller, 2008). Since the sample population will be taken from two metropolitan hospitals, the sample population will be wide and diverse with patients from different backgrounds. This will be beneficial for the study in researching the impacts on different races and also the rate of response in accordance to the age, race and location of the patient. Recent research has elaborately shown that these three factors of age, race and locality of the patient greatly impact on the responses to various medical conditions (Tisherman & Sterz, 2005). 3.0 Number of subjects expected to participate The number of subjects expected to take part in the study is 200. This number was agreed on since it is quite a l arge number of subjects and it will be able to incorporate all the subjects in line with the sampling population. The 200 subjects will be from each metropolitan hospital and therefore the study will comprise of a total of 400 subjects which is humongous for a successful research. A successful study requires such a number of subjects in order to achieve reasonable and accurate results (Tisherman & Sterz, 2005). 4.0 Duration In Which Subjects Will Be Involved The subjects will be involved in the study for a period of 6 months from each metropolitan hospital. This will enable the research term to extensively conduct thorough studies on the subjects since the duration is long enough. Each metropolitan hospital will be allocated 6 months and therefore the whole study period for the subjects will be one year. This duration is adequate to fully understand and study even the minute details from a subject in regard to this research. Therefore, it is evident that the final results will be co rrect and the rate of errors will be minimal. The duration will enable the research team to have ample time to compare and contrast any similarities and differences between the subjects from the two metropolitan hospitals (Biller, 2008). 5.0 Follow-up procedures after the study After the study is over, there will be a 3 months period for following-up the subjects to see if there are any notable changes. These changes can either be positive or negative depending on the situation. Since the body is very complex, it is paramount to

On the Economy and Family Crises Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

On the Economy and Family Crises - Essay Example Focus on the concrete social life proves that actual social institutions are characterized by a crisscross of numerous normative systems. For instance, the Federal Reserve’s response to economic inflation has a wide spread impact on other institutions such as the social institutions i.e. it can affect the process of acquiring mortgages for various households. Political decisions emanating from political institutions affect the salary level of the American workers. The relationships between the stakeholders can be exemplified through focus on central governments and corporations. The decentralized government reduces control of the organizations’ actions that in turn impacts on the welfare of workers. The corporations’ main goal is the generation of profit while the government purposes to improve the welfare of workers. This makes the constitutional requirements and corporate goals to conflict. The regulatory measures on business activities will be bent to the corp oration favor in case they win the conflict. This will have complex negative repercussions on the societal welfare. However, if the government wins the conflict, the society will benefit because the corporations will be forced to adopt measures that favor the public welfare even if they do not promote business. Maintenance of a sustainable system of public assistance and entitlements requires cooperation and participation of all stakeholders to ensure that the individual needs of all stakeholders are satisfactorily addressed. According to the short articles by William P. O'Hare and Paula Mergenhagen for American Demographics, Who are the poor in America and what do they do with their money? Document any departures you make from their assertions. Poverty is a product of the imbalance between income levels and expenditure; with expenditure always superseding the income Spending is compulsory to all people because they have to satisfy their needs. The main characteristic of poor people in America is that they work in low paying jobs. Most poor people in America inhabit rented homes located in insecure and underdeveloped neighborhoods. Most of them are underinsured; making them wait until the health conditions allow them to be liable for insurance consideration for the costly access to medical facilities. Poor people in America belong to three categories; working poor, retired people and students. The working poor spend their income on used cars and clothing. Retired people draw on their savings to meet their living expenses. They spend most of this money in personal care and health care. College students spend their meager income, mostly derived from their parents, on entertainment and clothing. Generally, most poor people spend most of their income on rent and food. Most of the working poor adults in the society have not graduated from school, with the majority of them possessing only a high school degree. Those who receive social assistance in the form of food or financial resources are categorized as poor. Most poor people spend more than they earn because necessity, rather than impulse determines the expenditure level. The minimum wage level households spend less compared to well-off households although they spend higher that the average shares on most products. Devoting large chunks of budget on basic

Enterprise Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Enterprise Development - Essay Example No it is not! It is also not possible for a gambler to gain consistently over a large period of time. Even the best of gamblers lose money consistently which proves that the role of chance is quite significant in gambling. This is not the case in entrepreneurship because there are many examples where entrepreneurs have earn large returns over a long period of time. Entrepreneurs and gamblers are different in the way that gamblers leave many things to chance whereas entrepreneurs do not (Wee, Lim, & Lee, 1994).There is no doubt that the role of chance in the success of an entrepreneur is also not negligible but this is nowhere similar to chance taken by gamblers. Entrepreneurs like Bill Gates, Mark Zuckeberg etc all started their business as entrepreneurs but today they are known to the whole world. This cannot be said for any known gambler of the world. Entrepreneurship is not gambling because there are many controllable factors in entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurs have a lot of control in how they manage their business and risk which is why entrepreneurship is not equal to gambling. Entrepreneurship is much more than gambling as it involves studying markets and taking calculated risks in hope of yielding high returns. One can easily gauge customer demand and using sampling and other procedures to do a trail run in order to test a particular product or service. Measures like these can be taken to cut down the risk and decrease uncertainty of any business. This is why gambling cannot be equated to entrepreneurship. There are many factors that play a role in the success of entrepreneurs like innovation, strong will, and farsightedness. All these factors decide whether an entrepreneur will be successful in the longer run or not. This shows that the success and failure of entrepreneurial ventures is not dependent on chance but on factors like innovation. Will innovation, strong will, and farsightedness makes a gambler

Insights Of Ecology Into Nature And Protection Environmental Sciences Essay

Insights Of Ecology Into Nature And Protection Environmental Sciences Essay Ecology which is a Greek word is defined as a scientific study of the relations or interactions between the organisms and their environment. Ecology also involves the study of ecosystems which is the science dealing with the network of interaction between organisms at different scales of organization. Since ecology involves all forms of biodiversity, the ecologists have therefore carried extensive research involving the smallest organisms as well as the biggest ones in the bid to better understand the environment (Nash Roderick 1989 2-3). The global flux of the atmospheric gases, are also part of ecology. These gases which are very significant to the general characteristics of the environment are usually regulated by the gases emitted or taken in the organisms during the respiration or photosynthesis processes. Human beings have always endeavored to understand their environment better so as to comfortably live in it. Ecology which is a young discipline the field of environmental science was developed in the nineteenth century from the natural sciences. However ecology is not much similar to the other studies in environmental science since its more related to the disciplines of evolution, physiology, genetics as well as the general behavior of organisms in response to their environment. Through ecology, human beings have been able to understand the environment in a better way than before. Ecology helps us to understand the life processes of organisms as well as their adaptation mechanisms, and their distribution and number (Nash Roderick 1989 8-9). Movement of materials and energy from one stage to the other through the environment, and the patterns in development and succession in ecosystems are all understood and appreciated through the study of ecology. According to Carson, R., A (2000 21-30) the science of ecology has brought more understanding in most of the global processes form the marine and terrestrial habitats to the individual inter-specific interactions with the environment. It has also shown useful application in several fields like conservation biology such as the management of wetlands, management of natural resources. Moreover, ecology has brought better understanding and proper problem solving in community health as well as providing conceptual framework for understanding and researching human social interaction. Its usually distinguished from natural history since natural history deals with the descriptive study of organisms. I therefore tend to believe that the continued insights of ecology into nature have made it possible to achieve a satisfactory balance between human progress and protection of the environment. How ecological insights of into nature have made it possible to achieve a satisfactory balance between human progress and protection of the environment. The environment is usually interlinked with ecology in many different ways. Basically the environment which is the living place for all organisms, explains all the factors and scales of life that are external to the organism. These factors include the ambiotic factors such as temperature, climate, radiation, chemistry and geology as well as the biotic factors such as the genes, cells, and members of same or different species who share the same environment. On the other side ecology is concerned with biological relations of organisms and how they relate with the environment. Ecological studies focuses on environmental factors like the chemistry, temperature pressure and energy which are very important in environmental management. (Goodland, R. 1990 5-7). The laws and principles of thermodynamics which controls most of the environmental principles are also obeyed in ecosystem processes which make ecology to be very important in understanding and managing the environment for the purpose of peaceful coexistence with human beings. Environmental and ecological reactions are habitually studied through manageable parts, though the when these issues of the environment are understood they are then linked together again as a holocoenotic system (White-Stevens, Robert 1972 17-21). This implies that the change of one of the ecological or environmental factors can result to change in the state of the entire ecosystem. Though ecology involves so many studies on issues affecting the environment, it is different from the other environmental studies since its one of the few academic disciplines dedicated to the mechanistic complications of the ecosystems and the metaphysical hierarchy where the cause mechanisms of the larger systems are understood without referring to the mechanisms of the smaller systems. Some of the metaphysical aspects observed in the environment are the increases, in the outer skins of certain seeds or small insects when their existence has been threatened due to excessive predation. These environmenta l adaptations in certain insects ensure continued existence of these species. Natures relationship with society and history together with the knowledge of human beings shows many indications that the relation has really gone through many phases with the latest phase being the threatening global environmental crisis (Carson, R., A 2000 21-30). This phase of balances between the human progress and the environmental protection represents a significant progress in our understanding of nature. This understanding has been shown by the extensive dialogue among relevant disciplines as well as the recommendable empirical studies being conducted in the ecological field. Environmental history should be given the pride of place within this large field of the current environmental studies. The current awareness in environmental destruction has been the source of great concern in ecology. Many colleges have now than before introduced extensive studies on the earths world ecological systems. This has equipped more individuals with the needed skills in assessing environmental parameters. For instance St josephs College in china has started studies bioremediation which is the study of plants that take up pollutants from the water and soil hence helping in cleaning up the atmosphere. More studies elsewhere have focused on ecotoxicology which is the study of harmful biological effects of specific pollutants or combination of pollutants that are usually discharged into the environment. This study has given insights on the effect of cocktail and other contaminants discharge to the rivers and other waters. According to Europa publications (2001 70-71), the study has therefore provided new approaches in controlling effluents and therefore saving the aquatic life as well as provi ding more clean water for the human consumption. Extensive research has focused on the complex chemical and biological processes influencing the toxicity of ammonia to fish and other aquatic life so as to develop standards of practical control for their protection. However the achievement of a balance between human progress and environmental protection is not an easy task though ecology has really helped in achieving the standards. Some of the measures that have been proposed by the environmentalists are use of electric vehicles as a method of road transport that would reduce pollution by air by the nitrogen oxides carbon dioxide and particulates associated with conventional car exhaust (Europa publications 2001 70-72). Ecologists have also studied the reasons leading to extinction of certain plants and animal species and also given appropriate advice so as to protect them. Human activities like agricultural expansion and deforestation in such for farming and settlement land have made the efforts of environment management even more complicated. However the increased peoples knowledge on the good farming methods and the dangers of deforestation has made them more cautious in protecting the environment. According to Goodland Robert (1990 139-141), ecologists and development agencies have defined biological diversity as encompassing the genetic diversity within species, the types or variety of ecosystems as well as the number of different species in an area. Biological diversity has gained familiarity to the scientist and the policy makers although its definition is subjective and depends on the user. However, world conservation strategy by referring to living resources has the best definition for biodiversity as used in the protection of environment. Living resource conservation encompasses the preservation of genetic diversity as well as promoting the sustainable use of species and their ecosystems Conservation of biological diversity and still maintaining human development is a global problem that has continued affecting all species not forgetting human beings. For instance the current rate of destruction of the tropical forest in search for fuel and shifting agriculture can only be controlled through the most conservative estimates of the current biodiversity (Goodland Robert 1990 140-142). Ecologists and conservationist have in the recent past advanced their awareness in the ecological, economical and aesthetic need of protecting biological diversity. This awareness which has been noted in the last 15 years has gained the acknowledgement of the international development community programs. This knowledge in ecology has created more awareness to the developing nations as well as the multilateral and bilateral donor institutions which have then appreciated that sustainable economic development is directly dependent on the conservation and good use of the natural resources. However it has been slow for the ecologist and environmental conservationist to realize that the biodiversity found in domestic and wild plants as well as in the animal resources is necessary for continued development and that it should be maintained in all places. There have also been events that have illustrated the emerging appreciation that biological diversity conservation is related to general human welfare and economic developments in the world. In order to conserve biological resources we should conserve more natural habitats and also manage those that already exist. In the same efforts we should also increased production of food and fuel wood on the already cleared land so as to minimize pressure and mineral exhaustion on the remaining wild areas (Goodland Robert 1990 140-142). Ecological services such as soil and water regulation are also maintained through conservation of biological diversity. In July 1986 the World Bank adopted an environmental conservation policy that directed the bank to fund projects on already disturbed lands and to moderate the use of these lands by funding the preservation of ecologically similar areas (Rubin, C 1999 240-243). All these conservational measured have been facilitated by the improved understanding of nature through ecological studies. These measures are aimed at achieving and maintaining a satisfactory balance between the human activities in development and good environmental preservation measures. Despite the current advances in environmental protection the Ecology analysis has also led to the ecological accounting which has enabled human beings to determine environmental effects in terms of money. According to Schaltegger, and Burritt (2000 230-232), ecological accounting has adapted the primary fundamentals of management accounting to management of environmental information. Its usually concerned with the activities, methods and systems that are applied in the recording and analyzing as well as reporting the consequences of a certain economic activity on the natural environmet. This study has shed more light on production sites, plants and companies. There is also the internal ecological accounting which has provided ecological knowledge necessary for the internal management purposes. This accounting is similar to the old traditional methods used to inform the managers about the environmental impacts of their companies. Internal ecological accounting has been confirmed to be a very crucial precondition when dealing with environment management measure. This accounting is also necessary for the external accounting. External ecological accounting and reporting has taken in account the information requirements of the external stakeholders in protection of the environment. Moreover the lenders, insurance companies and investors require sensible management of the environmental risks while the governments are concerned with regulations of environment management (Schaltegger, and Burritt 2000 230-231). Unlike the perception of many people, ecological accounting in not only used by few companies and individuals who have necessary resources to carry out experiments but its used in many parts of the world. Environmental laws and regulations have also been put in place in countries like us, Europe and other parts of the world which have created a new area of substance accounting as a foundation for monitoring r eports that the companies have to submit. Over the last two decades, the average internal cost of environment related impacts has been increasing at a an alarming rate while the average cost of environmental emission accounting and the reduction cost have reduced during the same period. This has then resulted to an increase in the relative value of environmental impacts information but the information on technology has led to reduced costs in reducing environmental impacts. Recent argument about sustainable ecological development suggests that the environmental impacts of companies could require a separate accounting system which would also imply that other issues like the social impact of companies could require special accounting system. However the ecological accounting that has been in use has shown great help in the companies efforts to protect the environment by carrying their activities in environmental friendly ways (Schaltegger, and Burritt 2000 233-234). This therefore implies that this type of ecological accountin g is already well established and shows much practical importance than social accounting. According to Gunderson Holling (2008 149), the advent of new ecology if often indicated in recent social sciences and legal literature, although most of the insights into the behavior of systems away from the normal ranges is not a new phenomena. On the other hand the old ecology was involved with those systems that are headed for equilibrium. Climax was then determined by the signature of environmental driving forces, such as water and nutrient availability, soil type rainfall and the like. The size and structure of ecosystems as well as their components has been set by the thermodynamics and predictable organizational features of biotic communities. Research has indicated that ecological problems and mostly induced by a disturbance from the equilibrium which is mostly caused by the human activities (Gunderson Holling 2002 149). These findings have helped environmental scientist to deal with these ecological problems and enhance the environmental protection. Management of these ecological problems would be easier if the renewable resource systems would have well described and defined properties like the sigmoid growth curves. This would enable the scientists to generate short cycle production function for ecosystem goods and services. These functions would then be managed to get the best results in yields. This way, ecological and political issues will be easily separable as well as manageable so as to give the best results in sustained environmental protection. However some new insights in ecology claim that chaos, contingency and disorganization, where disorganization represents more subtle, organized, complexities in natural systems cannot be manageable (Gunderson Holling p.150). Studies in ecology have also shown that the environmental changes are not continuous or gradual but they are episodic and critical processes in which structural ecosystems take place at radically different rates covering vast environments. Ecology and epidemiology have also developed a set of theoretical tools approaches in mathematical modeling which have helped us to understand the primary characteristics of the infection agents in ecosystem (Sagarin Taylor 2008 190). One of the great problems of social sciences in environmental issues however has been to find the correct scale of adaptation and nature management. The existence of these scales is also not known. The importance of this problem in environmental management has been enhanced by the attention to scale in natural systems. Some decisions have therefore been left to communities or individuals depending on who has the best information on the issue. This therefore means that both ecological scale and social scale have been crucial in the balance between environment management as well as human development. Conclusion With the current necessity to conserve the environment and the human need for development, both of which are equally important, it therefore becomes clear that human beings must look for ways of balancing the two. Human activities in his daily development have continued to impact negatively of the environment leading to unpredictable and disastrous natural happenings. These environmental reactions against the human activities have in turn greatly affected the human efforts towards development. These challenges have then resulted to extensive studies and research on the entire universe so as to understand the world and take the appropriate measures towards controlling them. Many scientific studies in biology and environment have been and still are carried out to ensure human development as well as a protected environment. Ecological science is one of the studies in environment that has brought great knowledge and understanding of the environment and therefore promoting the balance bet ween human development and environmental protection (Evans, David. 1999 57-59) According to Naess Rothenberg (1990 39-40), Ecology comprises a great deal of natural science that has helped us to understand the atmosphere though is should not however be considered as a universal science. When looking at the relations and interactions between organisms and their environments there are many aspects of their separateness that are not put into account. In ecologism therefore we find excessive universalization or generalization of ecological concepts. Ecological movements have therefore presented human beings with great technical recommendations in reforms. Some of these recommendations are in technical abatement of pollution and reduced consumption in the third world countries. The deep movement of providing environmentally friendly actions is global and should actually not be left for ecologists but for all people. In order to achieve and maintain a satisfactory progress in environmental protection every human being should take initiative in conserving the environ ment. In order to sustain this balance between environment protection and environmental management, the ecologist should also work with the public sector managers and the policy makers so as to provide them with scientific expertise necessary in making on ecological and environmental issues (Nash Roderick 1989 p.343). For this to be possible there is need for an amicable relationship between the ecologists and the policy makers which will be facilitated by their common goal in protecting the environment. The measurement of environmental resource value had been largely left to the economist but now the ecologists are also involved in these evaluations which have resulted to more effective decisions in environmental management. Generally the most challenging problems that are facing the modern societies are related to the consequences of interaction between the people and the environment (National Research Council U.S2009 1-7). Through ecology, human beings have been able to understand the way in which the humans social and economic systems interact with the environmental systems. This understanding has been crucial in achieving sustained development. The evolving concept of sustainable development is the main cause for new approaches in environmental policy and management of ecosystem. This concept together with insights in ecology has seen significant improvements in sustained development over the last three decades.

Unbridled Ambition in Shakespeares Macbeth Essay -- Macbeth essays

Unbridled Ambition in Macbeth      Ã‚  Ã‚   Where is there a page in William Shakespeare's tragic play Macbeth which does not present the selfish virtue of personal ambition. This paper addresses the problem of ambition in the drama.    In "Memoranda: Remarks on the Character of Lady Macbeth," Sarah Siddons mentions the ambition of Lady Macbeth and its effect:    [Re "I have given suck" (1.7.54ff.)] Even here, horrific as she is, she shews herself made by ambition, but not by nature, a perfectly savage creature. The very use of such a tender allusion in the midst of her dreadful language, persuades one unequivocally that she has really felt the maternal yearnings of a mother towards her babe, and that she considered this action the most enormous that ever required the strength of human nerves for its perpetration. Her language to Macbeth is the most potently eloquent that guilt could use.   (56)    Clark and Wright in their Introduction to The Complete Works of William Shakespeare interpret the main theme of the play as intertwining with evil and ambition:    While in Hamlet and others of Shakespeare's plays we feel that Shakespeare refined upon and brooded over his thoughts, Macbeth seems as if struck out at a heat and imagined from first to last with rapidity and power, and a subtlety of workmanship which has become instructive. The theme of the drama is the gradual ruin through yielding to evil within and evil without, of a man, who, though from the first tainted by base and ambitious thoughts, yet possessed elements in his nature of possible honor and loyalty. (792)    In "Macbeth as the Imitation of an Action" Francis Fergusson states the place of Macbeth's ambition in the action of the play: .. ...iion of Critical Essays. Alfred Harbage, ed. Englewwod Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1964.    Johnson, Samuel. The Plays of Shakespeare. N.p.: n.p.. 1765. Rpt in Shakespearean Tragedy. Bratchell, D. F. New York, NY: Routledge, 1990.    Kemble, Fanny. "Lady Macbeth." Macmillan's Magazine, 17 (February 1868), p. 354-61. Rpt. in Women Reading Shakespeare 1660-1900. Ann Thompson and Sasha Roberts, eds. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1997.    Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Macbeth. http://chemicool.com/Shakespeare/macbeth/full.html, no lin.    Siddons, Sarah. "Memoranda: Remarks on the Character of Lady Macbeth." The Life of Mrs. Siddons. Thomas Campbell. London: Effingham Wilson, 1834. Rpt. in Women Reading Shakespeare 1660-1900. Ann Thompson and Sasha Roberts, eds. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1997.    Unbridled Ambition in Shakespeare's Macbeth Essay -- Macbeth essays Unbridled Ambition in Macbeth      Ã‚  Ã‚   Where is there a page in William Shakespeare's tragic play Macbeth which does not present the selfish virtue of personal ambition. This paper addresses the problem of ambition in the drama.    In "Memoranda: Remarks on the Character of Lady Macbeth," Sarah Siddons mentions the ambition of Lady Macbeth and its effect:    [Re "I have given suck" (1.7.54ff.)] Even here, horrific as she is, she shews herself made by ambition, but not by nature, a perfectly savage creature. The very use of such a tender allusion in the midst of her dreadful language, persuades one unequivocally that she has really felt the maternal yearnings of a mother towards her babe, and that she considered this action the most enormous that ever required the strength of human nerves for its perpetration. Her language to Macbeth is the most potently eloquent that guilt could use.   (56)    Clark and Wright in their Introduction to The Complete Works of William Shakespeare interpret the main theme of the play as intertwining with evil and ambition:    While in Hamlet and others of Shakespeare's plays we feel that Shakespeare refined upon and brooded over his thoughts, Macbeth seems as if struck out at a heat and imagined from first to last with rapidity and power, and a subtlety of workmanship which has become instructive. The theme of the drama is the gradual ruin through yielding to evil within and evil without, of a man, who, though from the first tainted by base and ambitious thoughts, yet possessed elements in his nature of possible honor and loyalty. (792)    In "Macbeth as the Imitation of an Action" Francis Fergusson states the place of Macbeth's ambition in the action of the play: .. ...iion of Critical Essays. Alfred Harbage, ed. Englewwod Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1964.    Johnson, Samuel. The Plays of Shakespeare. N.p.: n.p.. 1765. Rpt in Shakespearean Tragedy. Bratchell, D. F. New York, NY: Routledge, 1990.    Kemble, Fanny. "Lady Macbeth." Macmillan's Magazine, 17 (February 1868), p. 354-61. Rpt. in Women Reading Shakespeare 1660-1900. Ann Thompson and Sasha Roberts, eds. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1997.    Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Macbeth. http://chemicool.com/Shakespeare/macbeth/full.html, no lin.    Siddons, Sarah. "Memoranda: Remarks on the Character of Lady Macbeth." The Life of Mrs. Siddons. Thomas Campbell. London: Effingham Wilson, 1834. Rpt. in Women Reading Shakespeare 1660-1900. Ann Thompson and Sasha Roberts, eds. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1997.   

Loneliness

Language†¦ Has created the word ‘loneliness' to express the pain of being alone. And it has created the word ‘solitude' to express the glory of being alone. † Does your study of texts support this perspective? Loneliness and solitude are closely Juxtaposed to show the over all effect of going it alone. The great Gatsby supports this perspective as it contrasts solitude and loneliness through the protagonist Nick Caraway and Jay Gatsby. Beneath the clouds shows the aspects of facing Isolation when uncontrollable and controllable.The great Gatsby highlights the quote through contrasting loneliness and solitude. Solitude Is expressed through the protagonist nick caraway, as he grapples with the meaning of the story In which he played a part In. Caraway Is Isolated In the society of the â€Å"egg† were he lives In â€Å"a weather-beaten cardboard bungalow at eight a month†, compared to the mansions of the western and eastern egg. A metaphor shows how the great Gatsby supports the quote as Caraways lack of wealth creates solitude for himself were he misses the dramas of the rich showing the glory of solitude.Isolation in beneath the clouds is both controllable and uncontrollable as seen through the decisions or Vaughn and Lena. Lena and Vaughn both experiencing the aspect of loneliness when there isolation is uncontrollable. Metaphorically the fences in the prison show the Vaughn has no control and his isolation is uncountable. This agrees with the quote as the tree scene shows Vaughn loneliness as he names a tree to be his friend, expressing the pain of being alone.When Lens's solitude is uncontrolled in the town with her being by her self and wanting to leave but reverted by the barriers of her age and circumstances. She is lonely and her pain is expressed through the close up shot of a butterfly being eaten by ants, were the ants are a metaphor for her life being wasted by the town a uncontrollable circumstance of going it alo ne. Solitude is expressed the glory of being alone in beneath the clouds. This Is shown through Lena and Vaughn as when they chose to leave their circumstances they experience happiness of there Journey along the road.Sir these paragraph's contain basic outlines for my essay I am yet to add evidence to jack up these points as Im still finding It. BY reentered shows the aspects of facing isolation when uncontrollable and controllable. Solitude is expressed through the protagonist nick caraway, as he grapples with the meaning of the story in which he played a part in. Caraway is isolated in the society of the â€Å"egg† were he lives in â€Å"a weather-beaten cardboard bungalow at eight a Solitude is expressed the glory of being alone in beneath the clouds. This is shown back up these points as IM still finding it.

Barbourofelis - Facts and Figures

Barbourofelis - Facts and Figures Name: Barbourofelis (Greek for Barbours cat); pronounced BAR-bore-oh-FEE-liss Habitat: Plains of North America Historical Epoch: Late Miocene (10-8 million years ago) Size and Weight: Up to six feet long and 250 pounds Diet: Meat Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; long canine teeth; plantigrade posture About Barbourofelis The most notable of the barbourofelidsa family of prehistoric cats perched midway between the nimravids, or false saber-toothed cats, and the true saber-tooths of the felidae familyBarbourofelis was the only member of its breed to colonize late Miocene North America. This sleek, muscular predator possessed some of the largest canines of any saber-toothed cat, true or false, and it was correspondingly hefty, the largest species weighing in at about the size of a modern lion (though more heavily muscled). Intriguingly, Barbourofelis seems to have walked in a plantigrade fashion (that is, with its feet flat on the ground) rather than in a digitigrade fashion (on its toes), in this respect making it seem more like a bear than a cat! (Oddly enough, one of the contemporary animals that competed with Barbourofelis for prey was Amphicyon, the bear dog). Given its odd gait and enormous canines, how did Barbourofelis hunt? As far as we can tell, its strategy was similar to that of its later, heavier cousin Smilodon, aka the Saber-Toothed Tiger, which lived in Pleistocene North America. Like Smilodon, Barbourofelis whiled away its time in the low branches of trees, pouncing suddenly when a tasty bit of prey (like the prehistoric rhino Teleoceras and the prehistoric elephant Gomphotherium) approached. As it landed, it dug its sabers deep into the hide of its unfortunate victim, which (if it didnt die immediately) gradually bled to death as its assassin stalked close behind. (As with Smilodon, the sabers of Barbourfelis may occasionally have broken off in combat, which would have deadly consequences for both predator and prey.) Although there are four separate species of Barbourofelis, two are better known than the others. The slightly smaller B. loveorum (about 150 pounds) has been discovered as far afield as California, Oklahoma and especially Florida, while B. fricki, discovered in Nebraska and Nevada, was about 100 pounds heavier. One odd thing about B. loveorum, which is especially well represented in the fossil record, is that the juveniles apparently lacked fully functional saber teeth, which may (or may not) imply that newborns received a few years of tender parental care before venturing out alone into the wild. Telling against this parental-care hypothesis, though, is that Barbourofelis had a much smaller brain, relative to its body size, than modern big cats, and so may not have been capable of this kind of sophisticated social behavior.

How to Apply for College Complete Expert Guide

How to Apply for College Complete Expert Guide SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Applying for college is a complex process with a lot of moving parts. However, the process doesn’t need to be confusing! By learning about each step and starting early, you can navigate your applications like a pro. This comprehensive guide will go over the ABC’s of how to apply tocollege, from each requirement to what you can be doing as early as freshman year to start planning. While technically your application is made up of a few required materials, it’s actually shaped by what you do and accomplish throughout all four years of high school. That’s why we’ll start off this guide with advice for what you can do early on to build a strong foundation. If you’re already a senior in the midst of college application season, then you can scroll down for more concrete information on application requirements. (This guide, by the way, is primarily focused on applications to four year colleges.) Let’s begin by considering what you can do in the first few years of high school to prepare for applying to college. Plan Early for College As your teachers may have told you, admissions officers consider all four years of high school when they evaluate your application. They want to know what classes you’ve chosen, grades you’ve received, and extracurriculars you've been involved in. They’re interested to learn about your progress, whether you’ve chosen progressively harder classes, for example, or advanced into a leadership position in a club. Ultimately, factors like your grade point average (GPA), test scores, and academic and extracurricular achievements determine where you apply. You may apply to a few schools that let in students whose GPA and scores are a little higher than yours, a few that match, and a few that are lower. You’ll research, visit, and apply to schools that you like and where you think you have a good chance of getting in. Rather than figuring all this out senior year, you can go into high school with a proactive mindset. Be conscious about choosing your course schedule, extracurriculars, and standardized tests. All of these components will help determine what schools make it onto your list and how to apply for college. Let’s consider each of thesepiecesindividually, in terms of what you’ll acutally submit to schools, why colleges care, and how you can put yourself in the best possible position to apply. Choosing Classes Your colleges are interested in both your grades and which classes you decided to take. This is one of the most important parts of how to apply to college. First, what will you show the admissions committee? What Will You Send? When you apply to college, you’ll have your high school send along your official transcript. Your transcript will show the classes you took and the grades you received. All your grades together make up your GPA, which is an important measure that admissions officers use to compare students’ records. Colleges also get a report on each high school so they have context for your individual record. They should know what level of classes are on your course list - college prep, honors, AP, for example, along with the general expectations and rigor. They should know if your school adds an extra six points for honors classes, or if its GPA scale is out of 5.0 rather than the usual 4.0. Colleges will also see your courses, grades, and any AP results from senior year. An acceptance halfway through the year is still contingent on successful completion of all your classes. Why Do Colleges Care? So what are colleges looking for in your high school transcript? First, they want to see evidence of academic achievement and college readiness. They want to make sure you can succeed in your college classes. Especially selective schools are looking for students with outstanding academic records. Beyond this, admissions officers often appreciate evidence of progress. They want to see that you’re improving over the years and taking on challenges. If you have some choice in electives, they may also be able to learn more about your interests from what you’ve chosen. Colleges seek academically oriented students with a love of learning who are willing to challenge themselves. Evidence of these qualities in high school bodes well for building a class of students who will succeed in class and ultimately use their education to contribute in positive ways to society. Considering the importance of your academic record in your college applications, what can you do as a freshman and after to prepare? What Does This Mean For You? A lot of your classes in high school, like four years of English and math, may be chosen for you by high school requirements. However, you may have choice in the level of classes, as well as in areas with more options like foreignlanguage and electives. If you’re someone driven to take all the honors and AP classes you can, then your challenge will be to find ways to balance all your work and find time to honor your interests. Colleges appreciate demonstrated interest in a specific field as much as, if not more, than general well-roundedness. If you’re starting out in mostly college prep classes, consider adding an honors class or two to your schedule. If you especially like English, then consider taking on the challenge there. If math makes sense to you, see if you can transition into a higher level. Even if you had a rocky freshman year, you can show admissions officers that you’re making progress over all four years. Treat all classes as important, as they’re all part of your GPA. Remember, a 3.7 (A-) in honors classes versus a 3.7 in all college prep classes will be more competitive. Rather than playing it safe for an easy A, seek out a challenge in the subject(s) that call to you. Apart from your performance in the classroom, admissions officers are also looking to see what you do outside the classroom. Extracurricular Involvement Just like with your classes, grades, and GPA, you’ll send a record of your extracurricular activities. As above, let’s take a look at what you’ll send, why colleges care, and what you can do to prepare. What Will You Send? On your college application, you’ll list out your activities, including clubs, sports, summer camps or classes, and work experience. You’ll typically give a brief description of your role, along with the time commitment and how long you’ve been involved. Some students also send a resume with their application, which similarly lists and describes your activities and/or work. You’ll tell admissions officers about your extracurriculars throughout all four years of high school. Why Do Colleges Care? Admissions officers are looking to gain a full sense of who you are as a student. If they only relied on grades and test scores, most colleges would have more qualified students than they had spots to offer. Secondly, they could accidentally end up with an entire class of engineers, or writers, or history majors (unlikely, but still a possibility if they don’t get to know each student’s interests and goals beyond her grades). Not only do they want to find students with diverse experiences and interests, they want to find students who will be active and create a lively, interactive community. If you’re involved in high school, then you’re likely to get involved in college too. Just as colleges want to find students who are open to taking on academic challenges, they want students who pursue their interests and take action toward their goals. Again, colleges are seeking to educate students who will go on to create value in the world. Not only does your academic record indicate how you approach your education, but your extracurriculars show how you get involved in your community and the world around you. What Does This Mean For You? Explore! Get involved! But do so in a way that’s authentic to you. You definitely don’t have to go sign up for every club and team that your school offers. In fact, doing somight just confuse admissions officers. They want to know what you’re interested in, rather than see you participating for the sake of resume building. Deep involvement is looked at more favorably than occasional participation. If you join a club freshman or sophomore year, then you could benefit both personally and on your college apps from sustaining that involvement and even advancing into a leadership position (or developing greater skill in a more solitary pursuit like painting or writing poetry). Freshman year and summer is a great time to explore activities. Not only will you be able to explore your interests and discover new ones, but you might meet like-minded peers and gain skills that can help in class and eventually professional environments. Consider clubs, sports, art, music, community service, volunteer work, travel, internships, part time jobs†¦and reflect on what led you there and what you’d like to gain from the experience. Ideally, you’ll take time to explore in the beginning of high school and get more deeply involved in later years. Along with your classes and GPA, your extracurricular involvement indicates your interests, commitments, and how you might contribute at college. The finalpart of your application that requires months to years of planning is your standardized tests, like the SAT and ACT. Plan and Prep for Standardized Tests Most colleges require the SAT or ACT (and TOEFL if English isn’t your native language). For the majority of students, doing well on these tests requires a lot of prep and planning. Most take it more than once, even up to three times or more. Let’s consider what colleges want to see, why, and how it affects your college planning. What Will You Send? Most colleges, unless they’re test optional or test flexible, require that you send the SAT or ACT. Some also require one or two SAT Subject Tests. You’ll take the tests, leave at least three weeks to get your scores back, and request official score reports sent from College Board or ACT, Inc. Why Do Colleges Care? The SAT and ACT are standardized tests, meaning that the test and testing conditions are the same for all students who take it (or at least, they’re supposed to be). While these tests can be controversial, their underlying purpose is to compare students’ academic abilities and achievement on an equal footing. As I mentioned above, colleges have some sense of the differences among high schools and can thereby put your GPA and course selection in context. The SAT and ACT allow them to automatically compare scores on a more level playing field. You can figure out what score you need by searching the name of your college and average SAT or ACT scores of accepted students. If you already have a dream school in mind, then you can shape your test prep around achieving the target scores you need to be a competitive applicant. What else do these testing requirements mean for you as you go through high school? What Does This Mean For You? Because these are important tests, especially if you’re making up for a low GPA, you should prep early and give yourself enough opportunities to retest and improve your scores. You may start researching colleges early, so you can have a sense of how high a score you need to achieve. One common schedule is to take the SAT or ACT for the first time in the fall of junior year, again in the spring, and for a final time in the fall of senior year. This means you’ll start prepping in sophomore year or the summer after. Just as you should be thoughtful about your class schedule and extracurricular involvement, you should start planning and studying early for this important part of your college application. You’ll learn a lot from your classes and experiences during high school and will grow a lot in terms of your interests and beliefs. As you explore and reflect, you should start thinking about where you’d like to go to college and where you have a good shot at admission. By the end of junior year, you should be drafting your college list. Making Your College List Apart from the preparation and planning discussed above, one of your first direct steps toward applying to college will be making your college list. There are thousands of colleges to choose from in the U.S. While this may sound overwhelming, you can narrow the number down quicklywith a few considerations. Some of these considerations include location, size, majors, financial aid, and overall academic and social culture. The selectiveness of the school will be a determining factor too, i.e., whether or not you have the grades to get in. Ultimately, you should aim to have about two reach schools (tough, but possible for you to get in), three on-target schools (reasonable chance), and two safety schools (very strong likelihood that you’ll get accepted). You may apply to more, but it's not advisable to send out applications to 20+ schools to see which ones stick. It's more important to figure out the question of institutional fit up front, rather than stressing out in April about which college to choose. You can set your preferences onsearch tools, like College Board and Naviance, to find schools and learn more about them. Apart from learning about the schools on their websites, you should, if possible, visit and take a campus tour. Touring Campus If you can, you should definitely visit your colleges of interest in person. Just walking around the grounds, checking out the buildings, and feeling the general vibe of a school can help you figure out if it’s somewhere you’d like to spend four years of your life. Most high schools allow their students three or four excused absences to take campus visits. You can take tours over the summer too, but you’ll get a more realistic sense of the school if you go when students are there, and classes are in session. You can usually sign up for campus tours on the school websites, and sometimes you can arrange to stay overnight in a dorm or meet with school officials. Some admissions officers keep track of your â€Å"demonstrated interest,† so having your name on campus visit records could ultimately be helpful for your application too. Now that you have a sense of the planning and preliminary steps that go into applying to college, let’s review the actual requirements of most college applications. This application contains all the information, like test scores and extracurriculars, that summarizes your high school work. We’ll go over each part, as well as some strategies for keeping track of everything. College Application Requirements Before getting into each component in more detail, let’s go over a general overview of what you’ll need to send to colleges to apply for admission: Application Personal Essay Supplemental Essays Recommendations High School Transcript SAT or ACT score reports Some students send additional supplemental information if their program calls for it, like a portfolio for art school. Others may also set up interviews. More selective schools, like the Ivy League and MIT, often require interviews, while others simply encourage them. Usually, the school will have an alum close by that can meet you in a library or coffee shop and talk about your experiencesand interest in the school. Let’s take a look at each of the maincomponents in greater detail. I’ll give a brief description here, but check out the links for more extensive guides on each application requirement. The Application Many schools use the Common Application, an online app that you can fill out once and then submit to several schools at once. The Universal Application is another option for some schools, though not as common. Some schools, like those in the University of Texas and University of California system, use their own applications. Whether you use one kind of app or a combination, you’ll set up an online account with a username and password. You’ll fill out basic personal data, like your name, address, and contact information. The first four "pages" of the Common App, for instance, ask for this type of information on yourself and your family, plus your educational and testing records. The final two pages ask you to write about your extracurricular activities and paste your personal essay. While filling out your application may only require a few weeks of information gathering and proofreading, other components, like your essay and recommendations, merit a few months of preparation. The Personal Essay (and Any Supplemental Essays) Your personal essay is a very significant part of your application. It’s your chance to share your voice with the admissions committee and describe something meaningful to you. Plus, you demonstrate your ability to consider and communicate ideas through writing. The Common App asks you to choose from one of five essay prompts, all of which ask you to share something insightful about your identity. Schools with their own applications will have different essay questions. Admissions officers want to get to know you, and are looking at depth of thought and quality of writing along with insight into your character and personality. Your personal essay is a challenging piece of writing, and it's a good idea to start at least two to three months before your deadlines to give yourself time to brainstorm, draft, elicit feedback, and revise. Some schools also ask additional essay questions. These essays are usually shorter and may ask why you want to go to the school. Some questions arepretty unusual and call for you to get creative. Just as your personal essay and supplemental essays take a few months of planning, your recommendation letters also require early preparation. Letters of Recommendation Most colleges require a recommendation, often referred to as the "secondary school report" from your counselor, along with one or two recommendations from teachers. Commonly, you'll ask a teacher you had in junior year. If you're applying to a specific program or major, you should ask a teacher in that field. The best letters come from teachers who know you well and are enthusiastic about recommending you. Just as admissions committees read your personal essay to get to know you better, they also place a good deal of weight on recommendations and what they have to say about your academic and personal strengths. You want to ask your recommenders at least three to four weeks before your deadlines, plus you should spend some time filling out a detailed "brag sheet" that they can refer to as they write your letter. While all of the requirements discussed above will be part of your application, you'll also have to step outside of your online application account to send official documents, like your transcript and test scores. High School Transcript While you may self-report some of your classes and your GPA on your application, you also have to send along your official high school transcript. This documents shows your GPA, courses, and course grades, plus it proves that you're on track to graduating. Most high schools will have you fill out a form and pay a small fee to your guidance office, which will send your transcript to the colleges indicated. Make sure tomake your transcript request at least three weeks before your college deadlines. While you may submit a request to your guidance office, you'll send your SAT or ACT scores through your online account. Official SAT or ACT Score Reports Just like with your GPA, you might provide your scores on your application, but you still have to send official documentation. You'll request these score reports through your College Board or ACT account. If you take the SAT or ACT more than once, you might use Score Choice to decide which score reports to send (if your college allows it). You may also consider here your colleges' policy towards superscoring, or recombining your scores from various test dates to give you the highest possible composite score. As with all the other parts of applying, sending your test scores requires some strategy and planning on your part. Now that you have a sense of what you'll be sending to colleges, what about the question ofwhen to send these materials? When are college deadlines? When Are College Deadlines? Most students apply to college in the fall or winter of senior year. Schools offer a few options for deadlines, usually one or more of early decision, early action, regular decision, or rolling admissions. Early deadlines are typically in November, and regular deadlines are commonly in January. You'll get notified of your admissions decision around December or April, respectively. Schools with rolling admissions allow you to submit your application within a period of time ranging from the fall to the spring. While these schools don't have a set deadline, they still tend to favor candidates who get their applications in sooner rather than later. As you saw above, your college application process starts a lot sooner than the fall of senior year. Given that the college planning process is one that continues throughout high school, how can you keep track of everything? Keep Track of Your College Planning There's a lot to juggle when it comes to applying to college, but if you start early, you can space out the process and find ways to balance it with all your other commitments. Since the process is largely online, your applications and software like Naviance help you keep track of what you've completed and what you still have left to finish. On top of this, it'd be a good idea to write up a checklist, set personal deadlines for each requirement, and keep track of everything according to your own goals and schedule. While you may not feel like you have to do anything for college until junior or senior year, the choices you make in 9th and 10th grade actually set the foundation for where you'll apply and what will go into your college applications. Colleges want to learn about you from your application - your strengths, interests, and goals - but don't feel you should join a club or take a class based on your idea of what would impress an admissions committee. They're interested in learning about your authentic interestsand unique voice. Exploring your academic and extracurricular interests will not only help you develop and improve your skills, but it will also help you gain self-awareness. By thinking about what you like and setting goals, you'll be able to find and apply to the colleges that would ultimately be the best fit for you. Check Out These Other College Planning Resources Public vs. Private Colleges: Where Should You Go? 79 Colleges with Full Ride Scholarships The Best Colleges with Low GPA Requirements What Are In State Colleges? Should I Go to One? Can Undocumented Students Go to College? Simple Guide: How to Apply for Financial Aid These are a few of our many resources to help you plan and apply for college. Explore these resources and more to learn everything you need to know about planning and applying for college and financial aid! Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Week 2 Survey to address a business problem Essay

Week 2 Survey to address a business problem - Essay Example IE, if a customer withdrew cash and then transferred money from a checking account to a savings account it would be two transactions. A month is defined as a calendar month. Though this research is tentatively designed to find the correlation between possession of a debit card and number of ATM transactions, I have included the variables X1 (balance) and X3 (number of other services used). These may operate as independent or moderating variables. .3 It means in name only, data that consist of observations that can only be classified and counted by category and have no inherent order. For example: The colors chosen by car buyers at a dealership. J____ .8 Numbers assigned to objects representative of the rank order when the distance between each of the measures cannot be determined scientifically. For example, a measure that indicates how a person â€Å"feels† on an issue. C____ .9 Research conducted where one unit is held steady, while the experiment is conducted on the other unit. This is to test whether the experiment itself is the reason for change in the experimental unit. L____ .11 A research question stated in terms of specific testing or measurement criteria. These terms must have empirical referents (this means that we must be able to count or measure them in some way). The object to be defined can be a physical one (a machine tool), or it can be an abstract one (achievement motivation).

Observation of Participational Cinema in Action Essay

Observation of Participational Cinema in Action - Essay Example Dramatic films are generally shot from a third person 'voyeur' perspective, which allows the audience to observe the unfolding events from a distance. In order to accomplish this state of awareness and acceptance from scientific films, researchers spend a great deal of time with their subject population prior to shooting any footage at all. This is meant to encourage the indigenous community to ignore the filmmaker completely and to return to their normal everyday activities. However, this idealized approach - the 'invisibility' of the camera and it's director - raises new ethical, technical, and artistic issues. The foremost argument against this style of filming lies in defining between 'research' film and 'ethnographic' film: the parameter's of the first ideally contain an undisturbed recording of environmental behavior (which can be used to deduce or extrapolate information); the latter classification is designated by it's editing, which is chosen be the filmmaker to create a narrative. Thus, as MacDougall notes, the fallacy of the all observing camera eye is itself misleading, for the camera is ultimately directed by the filmmaker's choice and/or opportunity. The camera essentially decided what small section of reality is recorded. Along similar lines, the goal of a director's self-effacement from the project is a further removal from reality: many of the filmed communities are remote and isolated to pretend that the director's physical presence has absolutely no effect on the subjects (and a feedback effect on the project itself) is ludicrous. Along this principle, subjects reactions t o cameras depends on their level of familiarity with the media itself. Filming Live with the Herds (1972), MacDougall's silent film camera became accepted by the natives on the premise that he was shooting all of the time (and would therefore present an accurate overall account); when he brings out a still camera near the end of his sojourn, his subjects automatically stuck photogenic poses (MacDougall, 1973) A Ghana director named Braun, discovered a similar effect while shooting footage in his childhood village during carnival time: when a girl noticed him shooting from a rooftop, she began to perform. She grew angry when the camera's attention no longer focused on her, leading Braun's narrative to hypothesize about the power relationship between the camera and its subjects (Pink). Cerezo, Martinez and Ranera, three anthropologists recording African workers in Spain, showed some of their footage to their subjects. Because they had access to television, the workers objected to their own images as being ugly and impoverished, which has resulted in the anthropological argument that visual footage cannot be taken without the express consent of the subjects (Pink). Yet MacDougall takes this argument one step further. In requesting permission to film a community while simultaneously denying them any information to the direction of the film of footage that has been shot, the director "withholds the openness" he requires from his subjects. While this may be rooted in the director's fear of influencing the community's behavior, it also denies him the input of the community information which may prove inaccessible any other way (MacDougall, 1973