Long Passages

An upsurge of red-hot research suggests that animals have a much higher level of wit than previously thought. If animals do have parole, how do scientists measure it? Before delimit animals intelligence, scientists specialised what is non intelligence. Instinct is not intelligence. It is a skill programmed into an animals principal by its genetic heritage. Rote conditioning is withal not intelligence. Tricks cease be intentional by repetition, but no real opinion is involved. Cuing, in which animals learn to do or not to do authentic things by pursuance outside signals, does not demonstrate intelligence.Scientists believe that insight, the faculty to expenditure implements, and communication using human language ar wholly effective measures of the mental ability of animals. (2) When judging animal intelligence, scientists look for insight, which they define as a flash of sudden understanding. When a young gorilla could not reach fruit from a tree, she noticed crates scattered active the lawn near the tree. She piled the crates into a pyramid, then climbed on them to reach her reward. The gorillas insight tot solelyyowed her to bring a new problem without trial and error. (3) The ability to map tools is also an important sign of intelligence.Crows call sticks to prize peanuts out of cracks. The crow exhibits intelligence by showing it has learned what a stick can do. Likewise, otters use rocks to crack open crab shells in order to break down at the meat. In a series of complex moves, chimpanzees have been known to use sticks and stalks in order to get at a favorite morseltermites. To make and use a termite tool, a chimp fore roughly selects conscionable the right stalk or twig. He trims and shapes the stick, then finds the enamour to a termite mound. While inserting the stick carefully into the entrance, the chimpanzee turns it skillfully to fit the inner tunnels.The chimp attracts the insects by shaking the twig. Then it pulls the tool out without scraping off any termites. Finally, he uses his lips to skim the termites into his mouth. (4) many an(prenominal) animals have learned to communicate using human language. Some order Primates have learned hundreds of words in sign language. One chimp can recognize and correctly use more than 250 abstract symbols on a keyboard. These symbols represent human words. An amazing parrot can tone five objects of two different types. He can understand the battle between the number, color, and kind of object.The ability to classify is a basic belief skill. He seems to use language to express his needs and emotions. When ill and taken to the animal hospital for his first overnight stay, this parrot turned to go. take after here he cried to a scientist who works with him. I grapple you. Im sorry. Wanna go back? (5) The research on animal intelligence raises important questions. If animals are smarter than once thought, would that change the mood humans interact wit h them? Would humans develop hunting them for sport or survival? Would animals passive be apply for food, clothing, or medical experimentation?Finding the answer to these tough questions makes a thorny puzzle even for a large-brained, problem-solving species like our own. 1. Crows use sticks to pry peanuts out of cracks. Which of the following is the kind of intelligence or conditioning the internet site describes? a. rote learning b. tools c. communication d. instinct 2. The underlined word upsurge, as it is utilize in the first separate of the passage, some nearly means a. an more and more large amount. b. a decreasing amount. c. a hale-known amount. d. an immeasurable amount. 3. The reason out paragraph of this passage infers which of the following? . There is no definitive line between those animals with intelligence and those without. b. Animals are being given opportunities to display their intelligence. c. inquiry showing higher animal intelligence may fuel cut i nto on ethics and cruelty. d. Animals are capable of un expert thought well beyond mere instinct. 4. According to the passage, which of the following is true about animals communication done the use of human language? a. Parrots can imitate or repeat a sound. b. Dolphins click and whistle. c. Crows screech warnings to other crows. d.Chimpanzees and gorillas have been trained to use sign language or geometric shapes that stand for words. 5. In paragraph 3, what conclusion can be reached about the chimpanzees ability to use a tool? a. It illustrates high intelligence because he is able to get his food and eat it. b. It illustrates instinct because he faced a difficult task and accomplished it. c. It illustrates high intelligence because he stored knowledge onward and called it up at the right time. d. It illustrates high intelligence because termites are proteinpacked. 6. Which of the following is not a sign of animal intelligence? . shows insight b. cues c. uses tools d. makes a p lan Passage 2 (1) Photosynthesis is the process that deedss use to modify cheer into the food that they need to survive and grow. Most floras create some mental strain of profits from the sunlight, and this sugar is used by the plant as its native food source. (2) Plants actually need only three things to create this sugar sunlight, carbon copy dioxide, and water. The sunlight reacts with the plants chlorophyll, a fleeceable chemical which is used to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugar. (3) As a general rule, photosynthesis occurs in a plants leaves.The leaf contains chlorophyll, which reacts when sunlight strikes the leaf. It is also the chlorophyll which gives the leaf its typical green color, since photosynthesis absorbs most light rays except green, which are reflected outwards. (4) The process of photosynthesis produces more than just sugar, however. One byproduct of the process is oxygen, which is exhaled by the plant into the atmosphere. In fact, plant photos ynthesis is one of the primary sources of oxygen generation on our planet, making plant life essential to almost all living things on earth. 7.According to paragraph 4, which of the following is a byproduct of photosynthesis? a. green pigment b. water c. carbon dioxide d. oxygen 8. The underlined word essential, as used in paragraph 4, most nearly means a. necessary. b. optional. c. fragrant. d. growing. 9. The passage explains that photosynthesis is a. done in the plant stem. b. what makes plants edible. c. the way that plants feed themselves. d. the source of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. 10. According to the passage, why do plant leaves look green? a. Leaves are actually not green. b. Photosynthesis absorbs all colors except green. .Sugar is green. d. Photosynthesis requires green light to produce sugar. 11. by and by version the passage, what can you conclude about photosynthesis? a. Chlorophyll is part of the ozone layer. b. Photosynthesis is the process that feeds a plan t. c. Plants need oxygen to survive. d. The roots of a plant provide water. 12. After recital the passage, what can you infer about photosynthesis? a. Human life would not survive without plants. b. Chlorophyll tastes sweet. c. Sunlight has both good and bad do on plants. d. Too much water can interfere with photosynthesis.Passage 3 1) Abraham capital of Nebraska served as the 16th President of the linked States, yet he neer went to college. In fact, Lincoln had nearly no formal education whatsoever, attending schools for less than a year throughout his childhood. Yet this should not be construed to mean that Lincoln was ignorant or unlearned on the contrary, he was one of the most well-read leaders of the time. The fact is that Abraham Lincoln educated himself by studying books of religion, philosophy, and literature, and he continued his voracious reading throughout his life. (2) A lack of public school education did not prevent Lincoln from becoming a great leader.He led the United States through four years of civil war, which threatened to divide the democracy into two separate countries. He was a powerful opponent of slavery, and it was for the most part through his leadership that slavery was abolished in this country. (3) Lincolns determination to educate himself through diligent reading also led to his reputation as a great oratorand even today his speeches are quoted and study worldwide.He serves as an example of a great leaderand a great reader. His love of books and good literature enabled Abe Lincoln to rise to world renown. 3. What is the main idea of this passage? a. Abe Lincoln was the 16th President of the United States. b. Abe Lincoln show the value of reading. c. Abe Lincoln was a Republican. d. Abe Lincoln freed the slaves. 14. Lincoln accomplished all of the following EXCEPT a. preventing the United States from being divided. b. ending slavery. c. becoming a great leader. d. establishing the Lincoln Memorial. 15. A voracious reader i s a. likely to come President. b. a person who makes reading a regular habit. c. someone who never went to school. d. probably poor. 16.The underlined word construed, as used in paragraph 1, most nearly means a. tormented. b. taken apart. c. unscrewed. d. interpreted. 17. According to the passage, what lesson can be learned from the life of Abraham Lincoln? a. Education is not important. b. All books are worth(predicate) reading. c. Good reading habits can help a person do great things. d. Politicians are always good role models. 18. How does Lincoln still affect students today? a. His face is on money. b. His speeches are still quoted and studied today. c. People grow beards to look like him. d. Students quit school in hopes of becoming president.