The Manager as a Critical Thinker

The 10 steps of vital thinking Include What argon the retire and outcome, what are the reasons, what haggling or phrases are equivocal, what are the nourish and descriptive assumptions, are there any fallacies in the reasoning, how good is the evidence, are there any rival causes, are the statistics deceptive, what signifi flush toilett information has been omitted, what reason satisfactory conclusions are possible. The disc stated that an Issue Is a question or rivalry responsible for the conversation or discussion. It Is the stimulus for what is being said (Browne & Kelley, 2012).The book goes on to dividing the issue into two categories descriptive and prescriptive. The book defines descriptive issues as those that cause tidy sum to question the accuracy of vents In the past, present or future. And prescriptive Issues are those that raise questions about what is the right thing versus the maltreat thing to do, good versus bad, what we should do. The issue in this scenari o falls under the descriptive category. The chief operating officer of PAS Manufacturing, Raymond Se similars compensation is really senior high schooler compared to the salary of Coos in opposite companies with similar characteristics.James was hired In 2003 for a five year grant with the starting salary at $400,000. During the first three years, the contract promised him raises of %, 5% and 7% consecutively. After the first three years, the Coos compensation act to increment significantly musical composition the company haved zero addition In the year of 2006 and continued to experience loss ever since without signs of rec everywherey. The impact of Sesames high compensation made headlines in a local new-fashionedspaper. Employees of PAS are also expressing discontent with their on-line(prenominal) chief executive officer.As a conclusion, the senior vice president of human beings Re reference works at PAS wrote a memo to the Board of Directors advising the board that the compensation for the current CEO s misaligned with the diligence average. He is hoping that the Board would consider inquisitory for a new candidate to replace James who would be able to contribute to the companys growth. There are several(prenominal) reasons provided by the Director of HRS to detain his recommendation In replacing the current CEO with a new candidate. Browne and Kelley define reason as explanations or rationales that have a bun in the oven the rigourousness of a conclusion (2012, P. 30).In this case, the first reason is evidently provided in the accede that compares the Coos salary to the companys growth rate from 2003 o 2009. The Coos raise percentage continued to rise by 2 percent every year man the companys growth seized In year 2006 and exhibit a loss course of study In subsequent years. The HRS Director believes that compensation should be based on performance, 1 OFF reflect his performance. A nonher reason is that some other Coos from companies w ith the same characteristics as PAS were only averaging about $391 ,659 in 2007 while Sesames salary was as much as $100,000 over the national average.It indicates that the company is spending unnecessary money. Lastly, the come of dissatisfaction or the current CEO is growing among the employees of PAS. The HRS Director fears that if union workers prolong lost respect for the CEO, it would be hard to stop other groups from losing religion as well. The side by side(p) step is identifying the words or phrases that seem questionable in this situation. The book stated that ambiguous words or phrases should be looked in the reasons or conclusion areas because the former wants the reader to accept a conclusion. Therefore, I should look for words or phrases that affect my decision (P. 41).In the net sentence, the HRS Director said that e hopes the successor will be to a greater extent hard-working and willing to do what is necessary which all sound very ambiguous. Because he neer m entioned previously what constitutes as hard-working. Hard-working could mean different things to different people. And willing to do what is necessary, what does that mean exactly? There seems to be implied meanings to this phrase. A person energy think doing whatever necessary as breaking the laws to achieve the refinement while others might have an entirely different interpretation. Another ambiguous word is greatness in the same sentence.Greatness could also mean many another(prenominal) things in this case. It could mean that the company is able to recover its losses or the company is able to regain the trust from partners and employees. Once again, it is hard to fix exactly what the Director want to express by using these words and phrases. The next stage of overcritical thinking is identifying the value and descriptive assumptions. gibe to the text, a value assumption is an implicit preference for one value over another in a particular context while a descriptive assump tion is an unstated stamp about how the worldly concern was, is or will become (P. ). The HRS Director considers afford for performance as the best method to determine compensation. By supporting this idea, he believes that productiveness is the determining factor in evaluating how good a worker is. Therefore, he prefers his company to follow the industry best practices in determining the Coos pay rather than the current practice. The descriptive assumption in this case is the belief that the companys performance will improve under the direction and management of a new CEO. In other words, the companys status cannot be improved by other means except for the replacement of the CEO.There are several fallacies that the causation use to persuade the readers opinion in this situation. The generator attacked the Coos personality by pointing out that a local newspaper recently quoted the CEO aphorism the following line Im worth every penny Im paid this townsfolk owes everything to m e and my family. This is an attempt to show that the CEO has disputable character and that he is a cocky ungrateful man. The author also went on to say that the CEO is a very wealthy man as the only grandson of the companys founder. And because of his financial status, he has no inventive to ark hard for this company to strive.Another fallacy that was used is the slippery slope technique in which the author assumes that one outcome will set off a chain of uncontrollable and unwanted outcomes. The author said that once union workers lose respect for the CEO by circulating an unflattering comic representation it will losing conviction in the CEO as well. Next step in critical thinking is to determine the effectuality of the evidence presented. The first evidence provided by the author is the table listing the Coos annual raise versus the companys annual growth rate from he companys Human Resources Department.This evidence could be considered as valid because these are probably bas ed on exact figures provided on payroll department as well as the companys financial statements. The next evidence that the author presents is the average salary for other CEO in the same industry. At first glance, by using the phrase according to the Economic inquiry Institute, it would cause the reader to think that this must be a reliable source. But when looking at the footnote at the potty of the page, the source was Just a salary calculator providing estimates.There re no concrete facts to support that the figure presented was the actual average for the industry. That makes the source not very reliable on its accuracy. The author went on to say that look shows that Coos median total compensation fell yet the source for this investigate is from wick. Wick is not considered as a scholarly source for research. The next evidence provided is the survey of executive pay practices. The author stated that 64% from that survey account salary freeze yet the author never stated how large the sample size was and failed to mention if the sample was Mandalay selected or not.Surveys are often biased because it fail to truly represent how people truly feel instead people fill out answers as they think they have to give. Lastly, the author quoted another cite citing other cities. The author used a source that was quoted in the Baltimore Sun without examining to see if the master key source is dependable or not. Lastly, the statement that everyone in the Human Resources scope knows is a generalization. The book defines this as a person draws a conclusion about a large group based on experience with only a few members of the group.The author clearly has not met with everyone in the HRS field, therefore, he use his experience as being the HRS director to support his claim that this is the thinking of the whole field. The next step in critical thinking in the book is looking for rival causes. The books definition of a rival cause is a plausible alternative explanatio n that can explain why a certain outcome occurred (P. 128). The author was citing several sources to support his claim that the median compensation for CEO in the industry fell during Sesames terms, as well as a lot of companies were frost or rimming salaries for their executives.The author also cited another claim from a source stating that indeed, excessive CEO compensation was the actual cost of the economic ceding back in the United States during those years. This is the cause that the writer wants the readers to believe that the growth of PAS has stalled over the years is due to excessive compensation. There could be many other reasons that could arguably be the reason why the United States was experiencing a recession during that period such as high unemployment rate, foreign policy, war spending, add together of unsecured loans, etc.Clearly, high CEO compensation cannot be considered as the bushel cause of the recession as the author wants us to believe. The author in thi s scenario used several statistics in trying to support his claim. First he said that the medial total compensation fell by 7. 5 percent, in this case, we werent provided with the base number to determine if 7. 5 percent was significant or not. Once again, the author claimed that 64 percent of companies responding to the survey reported that omitted the total number of companies. 64 percent is an impressive number and we experienced have been easily swayed if we didnt question the use of statistics.