Preferential Treatments in Juvenile Justice System.

Chapter 15 in the textbook focuses mainly on juvenile justice. There are many subtopics under this chapter however, there was one topic in particular that attracted my interests. This topic was also touched on several times in the discussions board and it is the Preferential Treatments in Juvenile. These controversial treatments were specifically created and developed with a child’s best interests as a primary objective. The concept of this was introduce from the philosophy â€Å"parens patriae† which allowed the states to step in and take control of the problematic child. This philosophy was later developed and addressed by the Supreme Court around 1960’s and become today’s juvenile justice system. In this paper, I will discuss about the†¦show more content†¦While the preferential treatments were designed to help and better children however, there are issues that we need to be aware of. In â€Å"Kent versus U.S (1966)†, a 14 year old Morri s Kent was arrested and placed on probation from burglaries and attempted purse snatching charges, he then was released on probation back to his mother’s custody. Two years later, Morris Kent entered a woman’s apartment, took her wallet and raped her. Morris Kent was sent to adult court system, he then was sentenced 5-15 years in prison in each count. Morris Kent however, was only 16 year old at the time. From this case, I couldn’t help but noticed that Morris Kent was one of the people who slipped through the cracks of the system. I feel that the authority should have noticed and discovered Kent’s psychological problems in the first place and thus, preventing the incidents from happening in the first place. In my opinion, the preferential treatments could have been one the reasons why Morris Kent was released without a through evaluations and investigations. I strongly feel that Kent should and could have been treated early. Another issue with the preferential treatments is that it may encourage repeat offenders due to a soft juvenile disposition. In the textbook â€Å"Criminal Justice Today†, Schmalleger (2010) states â€Å"Most judges decide not to confine juveniles. Statistics indicate that in nearly two-thirds (62%) of all adjudicated delinquency cases, juveniles are placed onShow MoreRelatedChild Justice Act : Child And Youth Care Centers Or Prisons929 Words   |  4 Pagesthe judge; this is in stark contrast to the United States juvenile system where there is variation in the age limits, which depends on the state lines. North Carolina’s minimum age is at 6-years; others use the age of seven with a majority using the age of seventeen. Juvenile supervision can be further extended its jurisdiction for individuals who were tried under a juvenile system well into their twenties. The South African Child Justice Act prescribes four categories under which sentencing mayRead MoreFactors That Lead To Recidivism1353 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Question/Objective: What are some factors that lead to recidivism of female juvenile offenders? The objective to this question is to find out whether sexual abuse and environmental factors lead to recidivism amongst girl juvenile offenders. These are two factors that have not been researched enough amongst juvenile offenders and can be addressed to help guide these girls to a better path in their lives. Recidivism: Recidivism is when a convicted criminal has the tendency to reoffend. ItRead MoreEssay about Juveniles Must Accept Responsibility2061 Words   |  9 PagesJuveniles Must Accept Responsibility Are juveniles as under control today as they were in the past? Crime plays a major role in today’s society. The government follows the policy and has always followed the policy that no crime goes unpunished. The controversy that surrounds the United States courtrooms today is whether or not a minor needs to stand trial as an adult for committing a serious offense. These decisions made by the judge or jury in the preliminary hearing affect the rest of theRead MoreDisproportionate Minority Contact ( Dmc ) Is A Phenomenon That Occurs Within The Criminal Justice System Essay1923 Words   |  8 Pages Disproportionate Minority Contact (DMC) is a phenomenon that occurs within the criminal justice system. DMC is exhibited through the high percentages of minority contact statistically when compared to predictions that are based on the minority populations within certain communities. DMC is even prevalent in the juvenile justice system that has been created here in America. Disproportionate minority contact is a national, state and local issue that has been discussed for years. The government hasRead MoreJuvenile Crime Issues in Today’s Criminal Justice System18893 Words   |  76 Pagesrights that may be threatened by technological advances and other developments:  ©  ©  ©  © chapter 15 Juvenile Justice chapter 16 Drugs and Crime chapter 17 Terrorism and Multinational Criminal Justice chapter 18 The Future of Criminal Justice These individual rights must be effectively balanced against these present and emerging community concerns: Widespread drug abuse among youth The threat of juvenile crime Urban gang violence High-technology, computer, and Internet crime (cybercrime) TerrorismRead MoreThe International Covenant On Civil And Political Rights1875 Words   |  8 Pageslegal system, and specifically the judicial system, are systems based on the idea of justice. While at first thought, this may not seem like an issue, it is important to distinguish that equality is not always synonymous with justice . With this distinction in mind, it is not hard to imagine that there are aspects of the system that although may fall in line with the idea of justice, as a result of doing such, cannot or does not do the same for equality . One such area of the judiciary system thatRead MoreDoes the Lack of Education in Africa Cause Disease and Poverty?3031 Words   |  13 Pagesis mainly cause through mosquitoes (Crabtree). Tuberculosis is another disease that is many times overlooked because if AIDS. Nearly 3.3 million people are infected and that number is rising steadily. Tuberculosis is a disease of the respiratory system and is spread through sneezing and coughing. Studies have shown that HIV and TB are linked. (WHO) However one knows that the most devastating, deadly, and prevalent disease in Africa is the HIV/AIDS virus. Almost two-thirds of people with HIV in theRead MoreIdeological Bias Reflected in American Crime Statistics1776 Words   |  8 PagesAs Nils Christie argued, crime is a property of the state (2004). As such, it can be defined by the same systems of ideals which influence the state. Crime statistics, which refer to a category of human acts that society view as deviant, can consequently be argued to be without objectivity (Dorling and Simpson, 1999). The statistics they provide are thus arguably not exact. To a certain extent one could infer they are reflections of society, of those who present the data and most importantlyRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency And The Nature Of Police Juvenile9755 Words   |  40 PagesThere is substantial concern about rates of juvenile delinquency and the nature of police-juvenile encounters fueled most recently by the â€Å"Black Lives Matterà ¢â‚¬  campaigns nationwide toward improved police-youth interactions. Yet, there are knowledge gaps on how best to proceed. There is insufficient information on the prevalence and nature of police-juvenile encounters in the rural areas of Mississippi, specifically, the Delta region. This lack of information means that policy-makers and academicsRead MoreInnocents and Hope of Children Corrupted3307 Words   |  13 Pagesmemorable case of Jacobeelis v. Ohio 378 US 184 in 1964 (Gillespie, 2010, p. 19). In this case, the well-known phrase of â€Å"I know it when I see it† is used to describe how child pornographic material differs from adult pornography by Supreme Court Justice Stewart. This phrase is still used by law professionals today but it has caused difficulties because there is no apparent definition for law enforcement to know what to investigate and prevent. Very late in the century, the United States, along with

Trade Finance and International Trade - 1903 Words

According to Branch trade finance has become a strong bargaining point in the conduct of international trade. Negotiating strategy needed to reduce finance risk (Branch, 2005). Trade finance is a topic contained the financial facilities industry. Manufactured goods is sold and distributed to overseas; therefore, it takes longer to get paid. Additional time and energy is required to make sure that buyers are trustworthy and creditworthy. Also, foreign buyers who are just like domestic buyers. They prefer to delay payment until they receive and resell the goods. Outstanding carefulness and cautious financial management can mean the difference between profit and loss on each transaction. Another possibility will help debtors avoid common faults like securing the incorrect type of financing, underestimating the amount required or undervaluing the cost of borrowing the cash. Furthermore, trade finance generally refers to the financing of individual transactions or a series of revolving tr ansactions. 2.0 Trade Finance Which Affects the International Trade Sellers, as always need to get paid as swiftly as promising. On the other hand, buyers commonly prefer to postponement the payment, at least as long until they have received and resold the goods. Rapidly growing globalization level has created extreme competition for export markets. Both of the importers either exporters are looking for any competitive advantage that would help them to raise their sales. Flexible payment termsShow MoreRelatedCase: International Trade and Trade Finance885 Words   |  4 PagesFITTskills: International Trade Finance Case Study #1: New Modes of Trade Finance Case Study #1: New Modes of Trade Finance Trade finance in the twenty-first century: plug and pay? Palate-Able Delights (PAD) is a niche retailer of high-end food products imported from various parts of the world. 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Throughout history, there have been many market structures and systems, as well as trade amongst international countries and colonies. As all of you already know, imports can be brought in from many countries. During the process, the government will usually set a price ceiling andRead MoreSelecting Trade Banker1089 Words   |  5 PagesCase Study #3: Selecting a Trade Banker Banking on relationship Technon International is a Canadian high-technology development firm, focused on emerging technologies in wireless communications. Technon sources components in China and has offshore programming activities in India covering certain functionality in its new wristwatch PDA with MP3 and cellular capabilities. 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Clearwater Technologies free essay sample

Clearwater set a per-seat manufacturers suggested retail price (MSRP) that decreased with higher quantity seat purchases, reflecting the customer perception of declining manufacturing cost per seat. Clearwater also saw this as advantageous because it encouraged customers to maximize their initial seat purchase. Clearwater typically sold its products through value-added resellers (VARs). A VAR was typically a small local firm that provided sales and support to end users. The value added by these resellers was that they provided a complete solution to the end user/customer from a single point of purchase and had multiple information technology products available from various vendors. Using VARs reduced Clearwaters sales and service expense significantly and increased its market coverage. These intermediaries operated in several steps. First, the VAR combined the QTX from Clearwater with database software from other suppliers to form a turnkey customer solution. Second, the VAR loaded the software with customer-specific information and linked it to the customers existing sales history databases. Finally, the VAR installed the product at the customers site and trained the customer on its use. Clearwater sold the QTX to resellers at a 50 percent discount from the MSRP, allowing the VARs to sell to the end user at or below the MSRP. The discount allowed the VARs room to negotiate with the customer and still achieve a profit. The Upgrade Initially, the expectation had been that the 30-seat unit would be the largest volume seller. In order to gain economies of scale in manufacturing, reduce inventory configurations, and reduce engineering design and testing expense to a single assembly, Clearwater decided to manufacture only the 30-seat server with the appropriate number of seats enabled for the buyer. Clearwater was effectively giving away extra memory and absorbing the higher cost rather than manufacturing the various sizes. If a customer wanted a 10-seat server, the company shipped a 30-seat capable unit, with only the requested 10 seats enabled through software configuration. The proposed upgrade was, in reality, allowing customers to access capability already built into the product. Clearwater knew that many original customers were ready to use the additional capacity in the QTX. Some customers had added seats by buying a second box, but because the original product contained the capability to expand by accessing the disabled seats, Clearwater saw an opportunity to expand the product line and increase sales to a captive customer base. Customers could double or triple their seat capacity by purchasing either a 10- or a 20-seat upgrade and getting an access code to enable the additional number of seats. No other competitor offered the possibility of an upgrade. To gain additional seats from the competitor, the customer purchased and installed an additional box. Because customers performed a significant amount of acceptance testing, which they would have to repeat before switching brands, the likelihood of changing brands to add capacity was low. The objective of this mornings meeting was to set the price for the two upgrades. As QTX product manager Rob Erickson stopped to collect his most recent notes from his desk, he reflected: What a way to start the week. Every time we have one of these meetings, senior management only looks at margins. I spent the whole weekend cranking numbers and Im going in there using the highest margin weve got today. How can anybody say thats too low? He grabbed his notes, calculator, and coffee and headed down the hall. From the other wing of the building, financial analyst Hillary Hanson was crossing the lobby towards the conference room. She was thinking about the conversation she had late Number MSRP to VAR Unit Unit of Seats End User Price Cost* Margin** 10 $8,000 $4,000 $500 87. 5% 20 $14,000 $7,000 $700 90. 0% 30 $17,250 $8,625 $900 89. % TABLE 1 *Unit cost reflects additional $200 for memory capability for each additional 10 seats. **Margin _ VAR Price _ Unit Cost VAR Price Number Original Original Actual Actual of Seats Unit Cost Unit Margin Unit Cost Unit Margin 10 $500 87. 5% $900 77. 5% 20 $700 90. 0% $900 87. 1% 30 $900 89. 6% $900 89. 6% TABLE 2 Friday afternoon with her boss, Alicia Fisher, Clear waters CFO. They had been discussing this upcoming meeting and Alicia had given Hillary very clear instructions. I want you to go in and argue for the highest price possible. We should absolutely maximize the profitability on the upgrade. The customers are already committed to us and they have no alternative for an upgrade but with us. The switching costs to change at this point are too high since theyve already been trained in our system and software. Lets go for it. Besides, we really need to show some serious revenue generation for the year-end report to the stockholders. Hillary had not actually finalized a number. She figured she could see what the others proposed and then argue for a significant premium over that. She had the CFOs backing so she could keep pushing for more. From the parking lot, Brian James, the district sales manager, headed for the rear entrance. He, too, was thinking about the upcoming meeting and anticipating a long morning. I wish marketing would realize that when they come up with some grandiose number for a new product, sales takes the hit in the field. Its a killer to have to explain to customers that they have to pay big bucks for something thats essentially built in. Its gonna be even tougher to justify on this upgrade. At least with the QTX, we have something the buyer can see. Its hardware. With the upgrade, there isnt even a physical product. Were just giving customers a code to access the capability thats already built into the machine. Telling customers that they have to pay several thousand dollars never makes you popular. If you think about it, thats a lot of money for an access code, but you wont hear me say that out loud. Maybe I can get them to agree to something reasonable this time. I spent the weekend working this one out, and I think my logic is pretty solid. Price Proposals Once everyone was settled in the conference room, Rob spoke first: I know we have to come up with prices for both the 10-seat and 20-seat upgrades, but to keep things manageable, lets discuss the 20-seat price first. Once that number is set, the 10-seat price should be simple. Because the margin on the 30-seat unit is the highest in the line, I think we should use that as the basis to the price for the upgrade. He went to a whiteboard to show an example: If a customer is upgrading from a 10-seat unit to a 30-seat unit, they are adding two steps of capacity costing $200 each to us, or $400. $400 /1-0. 90 _ $4,000 to the reseller, and $8,000 to the end user. We keep the margin structure in place at the highest point in the line. The customer gets additional capacity, and we keep our margins consistent. He sat down feeling pleased. He had fired the first shot, had been consistent with the existing margin structure, and had rounded up the highest margin point in the line. Brian looked at Robs calculations and commented: I think thats going to be hard for the customer to see without us giving away information about our margins, and we dont want to do that, since they are pretty aggressive to begin with. However, I think I have solved this one for us. Ive finally come up with a simple, fair solution to pricing the upgrade that works for us and the customers. He walked over to a whiteboard and grabbed a marker: If we assume an existing 10-seat customer has decided to upgrade to 30-seat capability, we should charge that customer the difference between what the buyer has already paid and the price of the new capacity. So . . . New 30-seat unit $17,250 Original 10-seat unit $8,000 Price for 20-seat upgrade $9,250 Its consistent with our current pricing for the QTX. Its fair to the customer. Its easy for the customer to understand and it still makes wads of money for us. It also is easy for the customer to see that were being good to them. If they bought a 20-seat box in addition to the 10-seat box they already have, it would be costing them more. He wrote: New 20-seat unit $14,000 A new unit provides customers with redundancy by having two boxes, which they might want in the event of product failure, but the cost is pretty stiff. Upgrading becomes the logical and affordable option. Hillary looked at the numbers and knew just what she was going to do. That all looks very logical, but I dont see that either of you has the companys best interests at heart. Brian, you just want a simple sale that your sales people and the customers will buy into, and Rob, you are charging even less than Brian. We need to consider the revenue issue as well. These people have already bought from us; are trained on our hardware and software and dont want to have to repeat the process with someone else. It would take too long. Theyve got no desire to make a change and that means weve got them. The sky is really the limit on how much we can charge them because they have no real alternative. We should take this opportunity to really go for the gold, say $15,000 or even $20,000. We can and should be as aggressive as possible. All three continued to argue the relative merits of their pricing positions, without notable success. Jefferies listened to each of them and after they finished, he turned to a clean whiteboard and took the marker. Ive done some more thinking on this. In order to meet the needs of all three departments, there are three very important points that the price structure for these upgrades must accomplish: 1. The pricing for the upgrades shouldnt undercut the existing pricing for the 30-seat QTX. 2. We want to motivate our buyers to purchase the maximum number of seats at the initial purchase. A dollar now is better than a potential dollar later. We never know for sure that they will make that second purchase. If we dont do this right, were going to encourage customers to reduce their initial purchase. Theyll figure they can add capacity whenever, so why buy it if they dont need it. That would kill upfront sales of the QTX. 3. We dont want to leave any revenue on the table when buyers decide to buy more capacity. They are already committed to us and our technology and we should capitalize on that, without totally ripping them off. Therefore, while Hillary says the skys the limit, I think there is a limit and we need to determine what it is and how close we can come to it. If we assume that those are the objectives, none of the prices youve put together thus far answers all three of those criteria. Some come close, but each one fails. See if you can put your heads together and come to a consensus price that satisfies all three objectives. OK? Heads nodded and with that, Jefferies left the conference room. The three remaining occupants looked at one another. Brian got up to wipe the previous numbers off the whiteboards and said: OK, one more time. If our numbers dont work, why not and what is the right price for the 20-seat upgrade?

Reflective Report Social Networking Through Technology

Question: Some people love Social Networking through technology (Facebook and Twitter) whilst others loathe it. Write reflectively about your experience with the use of a Social networking technology such as Facebook or Twitter. Answer: In this study, I select two different platforms of social media technology such as Facebook and Twitter. This two platform selected by me because majority of people I the world uses Facebook and Twitter and shows their activity in these two social media website rather than other such as Flickr, Foursquare, YouTube, etc. At first I analyzed the functions of Facebook and Twitter why they so popular. Twitter: According to my experience about Twitter, majority of people in the world use Twitter due to its fast and reliable service. Apart from that, all people including me use Twitter due to no etiquette (Murthy, 2010). Most of the people use Twitter because there is not required to follow someone or reply for someones blogs in terms of following them. However, from my experienced it has been said that I sometime felt pressured to post blogs or statements into status bar. Statements and blogs helps in I getting more follower in Twitter. This is the main reason of posting statements or blogs into status bar. However, it has been seen that if someone do not give statement or post he or she lost followers from their Twitter account. Due to this reason, I do not like Twitter. Facebook: Total $17.98 billion people use Facebook daily (Hong and Chiu, 2014). My experience about Facebook - Facebook is a free and most attractive commercial social media website that is allowing to share opinion, feelings, statements, blogs etc. Apart from that, through Facebook I can find out school and college friend along with colleague and make daily interaction with them. As a part of a business organisation, I used Facebook for business promotion. However, I use Facebook for entertainment such as playing game, chatting with others, watches videos, read important stories, etc. Moreover, I use Facebook messenger to communicate with other via mobile phone. The new version of Facebook messenger I install for online calling to my Facebook friends. However, the negative impact of Facebook that I faced addiction. I was very much addicted with Facebook as a result waste my valuable time using Facebook (Kintisch, 2014). Apart from that, fake profile and ID along with wide range of F acebook fan page violate my religion as well as personality. Due to high activities with Facebook, I face many conflicts. Due to much addiction with Facebook, my results consistently low. The situation is like that I am not able to get pass marking without cheating in examination. Reference List Hong, F. and Chiu, S. (2014). Factors Influencing Facebook Usage and Facebook Addictive Tendency in University Students: The Role of Online Psychological Privacy and Facebook Usage Motivation. Stress Health, p.n/a-n/a. Kintisch, E. (2014). Is ResearchGate Facebook for science?. Science. Murthy, D. (2013). Twitter. Cambridge: Polity.